What major transition marks the shift from hunter-gatherer societies to settled farming communities?

• A. Neolithic Revolution
• B. Industrial Revolution
• C. Urbanization
• D. Iron Age Shift

Answer: (A)

The major transition being tested is the shift to agriculture and permanent settlements, which is known as the Neolithic Revolution. This change introduced systematic farming and domestication of plants and animals, allowing people to stay in one place, build villages, store surplus food, and support larger populations. It laid the groundwork for social diversification and the rise of civilizations. The other choices describe later developments or different processes: the Industrial Revolution involves machinery and urban-industrial society; urbanization is the growth of cities that can follow farming but does not itself mark the initial switch to farming; the Iron Age Shift isn’t a standard term for this transition and points to a later technological era.